Brief summary of the concept presented in the book ‘MATTER (Re-examined)’ - 2

2. The availability of free quanta of matter in space and their frequent ingress into the structure of the universal medium make it inherently under compression, even without a container. This compressive effort is called gravitation. All ‘natural forces’ (gravitational attraction, electromagnetic forces, nuclear forces, mechanical ‘forces’ and all other types of efforts) are different manifestations of gravitation. A 3D matter-particle in the universal medium experiences compression from the universal medium. The magnitude of gravitation corresponds to the extent of the universal medium that exerts the pressure. The extent of universal medium between two 3D matter-particles is always less than the extents of universal medium on their outer sides. Hence, higher gravitational actions on their outer sides against lower gravitational actions on their inner sides tend to move the 3D matter-particles towards each other. This tendency is understood as gravitational attraction or gravity. Gravitational attraction (gravity) is the resultant (relatively a minor by-product) of separate and continuous gravitational actions on two 3D matter-particles by the universal medium. Value of the constant of gravitational pressure is about . That is about times of present value of G. Compare with the present value of . A structurally deformed region in the universal medium may be called a field. The direction of the continuous deformation in the universal medium is represented by imaginary lines of force. Linear lines of force designate a magnetic field. The direction of distortions along a magnetic line of force from where it appears to originate is designated as the north magnetic pole and the direction to where it proceeds is designated as the south magnetic pole. There is no magnetic monopole. Similar magnetic poles apparently repel each other and dissimilar magnetic poles apparently attract each other. Curved lines of force in the universal medium represent an electric field. Clockwise curved lines of force indicate positive electric charge and anti-clockwise curved lines of force indicate negative electric charge. Electric charges are the relative directions of electric lines of force. Depending on the direction of reference, all electric fields have both positive and negative electric charges. There is no mono-electric charge. Similar electric charges apparently repel each other when they are very near and apparently attract each other when distance between them is large. Dissimilar electric charges apparently attract each other when they are very near and apparently repel each other when distance between them is large. Radial lines of force in the universal medium toward or away from a central point represent a nuclear field. Outward lines of force are parts of a repulsive nuclear field and parts of inward lines of force are parts of an attractive nuclear field. Nuclear fields are produced only about the positrons and the electrons. A hypothesis, presented in the book ‘MATTER (Re-examined)’, can logically explain all physical phenomena in the universe. https://www.matterdoc.info . Please see the Table of contents of the book ‘MATTER (Re-examined) at https://matterdoc.info/matter/mattoc.pdf Nainan