Disturbance

A matter-body, which is not a part but causes discontinuity of its latticework structure, is a ‘disturbance’ with respect to a 2D energy field. It may be in the form of a group of independent 1D quanta of matter, a 2D matter-particle, a 3D matter-particle or the most basic 3D matter-particles in a macro body. A disturbance has a definite perimeter and breaks continuity of 2D energy field(s) of its existence. It has a separate identity and existence in 2D energy fields. Although disturbances are not parts of 2D energy fields, they are contained within the 2D energy fields. 2D energy fields encompass a disturbance and they are in constant direct contact with it, all around its periphery in all spatial dimensions of its existence. Every point on a disturbance’s perimeter is in direct contact with surrounding 2D energy fields. All actions on a disturbance are performed by the 2D energy fields. Each 2D energy field affects peripheral points of the disturbance in its plane. Therefore, magnitudes of actions on a disturbance are proportional to number of direct contact between 2D energy fields and the disturbance, which is proportional to magnitude of its perimeter. Since, 2D energy fields are inherently under compression, a disturbance that breaks their continuity is bound to experience compression from 2D energy fields. All disturbances experience constant compression, all around its periphery, from the 2D energy fields of its existence in all spatial dimensions. This phenomenon of external pressure on a disturbance from all around its perimeter may be called ‘gravitation’ or ‘gravitational pressure’. Although deformations in latticework structure disturb stability of 2D energy fields, as they do not cause discontinuity in them, deformations or distortions in their structures are not ‘disturbances’. Deformations of 2D energy fields are ‘work’, existing in that region. They are not separate entities from 2D energy fields. Stress, due to the deformations in 2D energy fields, is ‘energy’, associated with the work. Energy has no separate or independent existence. As all ‘types’ of work are deformations of 2D energy fields, they are identical. Stresses in deformed 2D energy fields are also identical. Hence, there are no different types of energy.

2D energy fields I

2D energy fields are latticework structures formed by (apparently rigid) quanta of matter. Although they are made up of rigid matter-particles, 2D energy fields structurally behaves like an ideal fluid. A 2D energy field is easily deformed due to very small bonding strength at the joints between constituent quanta of matter. Distortions of limited magnitude are tolerated within a 2D energy field’s latticework structure. During distortions: (a). Quanta of matter meeting at a junction point deflect angularly from their stable alignment with respect to each other and/or (b). Quanta of matter in quanta-chains vary their length, depending on the variation of compression from their ends. Angular displacements of quanta of matter at a junction point invoke angular reaction, from latticework, on the constituent quanta of matter to return to their stable relative positions. Similarly, a change in the length of a quantum of matter invokes reaction from latticework to restore its length suitable for stable configuration. Any distortion in a 2D energy field is always opposed by a reaction from its latticework structure. Reaction, within the latticework, tends to restore stability and serenity of a 2D energy field. Thus, it becomes an inherent property of a 2D energy field to strive towards its stable isotropic state. In its stable state, a 2D energy field is isotropic, homogeneous and serene. A 2D energy field, considered as a whole, is steady in space. Small local distortions in it may be transferred within its plane. Due to their steady state, the 2D energy fields can provide an absolute reference in space. Deforming effort always acts against stabilising effort at junction points in the latticework structure. Due to its ability to stabilise itself, a distortion in a 2D energy field cannot remain static or localised; it spreads in the direction of effort that causes the distortion. 3D matter-particles are held suspended by the 2D energy fields within the distorted regions, being transferred. Transfer of distortions in 2D energy fields carry suspended 3D matter-particles in the region along with the moving distortions. Although a moving 3D matter-particle has no relative motion with respect to 2D energy fields in its immediate neighbourhood, it is displaced with respect to the vast expanse of 2D energy fields. Although distortions in 2D energy fields appears to move during their transfer, 2D energy fields as a whole, remains static, homogeneous, isotropic and serene. All free distortions (not associated with 3D macro bodies) and distortions associated with the most basic 3D matter-particles, in 2D energy fields, travel at the highest possible linear speed (speed of light). Magnitude of this speed is limited by ability of 2D energy fields to transfer distortions in them. Distortions, associated with macro bodies/particles, may move at any linear speed, lower than the highest limit. As distortions in 2D energy field move, they carry all 3D matter-particles present in the region, along with them. In case of macro bodies/particles, this phenomenon causes inertial motion. Since, it is the displacement of the distortions, which moves the 3D matter-bodies; there is no relative motion between matter-bodies and surrounding 2D energy fields. It is like, when an object is blown away by wind, there is no relative motion between the object and air in its immediate neighbourhood. But the object has a clear displacement with respect to the large body of air in the region. Therefore, there is no friction between 2D energy fields and a 3D macro body, moving in it. There is no ‘aether drag’ on a macro body, moving through 2D energy fields. Due to latticework structure of a 2D energy field and its inherent property of stabilization (except for gravitational actions in certain cases), deformations in a 2D energy field cannot be contained in any locality. Distortion in a 2D energy field is bound to spread-out in its latticework. If there is an external cause, distortions tend to be transferred in the direction away from the cause, without displacing 2D energy fields. Each latticework square transfers its distortion to the square in front and returns to its original state. Sequential spread of distortion, from one latticework square to the next, introduces a time delay in the development and transfer of distortions. As soon as the cause is removed, latticework structure of the distorted 2D energy field tends to regain its stability. However, distortions contained in the latticework will continue to move in their original direction, without loss of magnitude or change in direction, unless their magnitude or direction are changed/removed by an external agency by introducing deformations of different magnitude and direction in the latticework. These properties of time delay during development and transfer of distortions and constant speed of their transfer through 2D energy fields give rise to the property of inertia, which is presently attributed to matter-bodies. A distorted region of 2D energy fields is a ‘distortion-field’. Due to the latticework structure of a 2D energy field, distortions in it can exist only in a closed-loop-arrangement. Actions by 2D energy fields are results of mechanical movements of its constituent quanta of matter, within their latticework structures. Since distortions in 2D energy fields are the cause of all actions, fundamentally there is only one type of effort in nature, which is currently bifurcated into many types of ‘natural forces’. Manner of distortions in the 2D energy fields determine the type of ‘natural force’ manifested during an interaction. Gravitation and inertia are properties of the 2D energy fields. Displacements of quanta of matter (including the changes in their lengths) are tangible in 2D spatial system. They are real and constitute displacement in space, which is called ‘work-done’. Due to reactions, developed during deformations, 2D energy fields experience stress. Stress, produced by distortions in the latticework structure, is the ‘energy’ associated with the work-done. Rate of magnitude of distortions (work), being introduced into a 2D energy field latticework, is ‘force’ or ‘power’. Ultimately, displacements of ‘disturbances’ (matter-bodies) within 2D energy fields are produced by transfer of latticework distortions from higher distortion-density region to lower distortion-density region. This is the action of an effort. Whichever is the manifestation of effort (as classified into various ‘natural forces’ like: gravitational, electromagnetic, nuclear, inertial, etc.), they all act in similar manner. Thus, fundamentally, there is only one type of effort in nature. ‘Force’ is generally associated with motion of a 3D matter-body and it simply means rate of work done, irrespective of the nature of work or its source.