Gravitational attraction

All the objects in the universe appear to attract each other with a certain amount of effort. This apparent force is known as ‘gravitational attraction’ or simply as ‘gravity’. Unorganized (or organized) accumulation of quanta of matter is a disturbance in universal medium. If there are more than one disturbance in a plane in universal medium, gravitational pressure acts on each of them separately. Extents of universal medium on the outer sides of these disturbances are greater than the extent in between them. Magnitude of gravitational effort is proportional to the extent of universal medium that is applying the effort. Hence, these disturbances experience greater gravitational efforts on their outer sides compared to the gravitational efforts experienced on their inner sides from universal medium between them. The relative difference between the gravitational efforts applied on either side of individual disturbances tends to move them towards each other. 2D energy fields act on each of the disturbances in it, separately. Simultaneous actions by (invisible) universal medium on two or more disturbances (bodies), considered together, appears as interactions between these disturbances. This is the apparent attraction due to gravitation or gravitational attraction. Gravitational attraction (gravity) is the resultant (relatively a minor by-product) of separate gravitational actions on two 3D matter-particles by universal medium. Universal medium fills the entire space outside the most basic 3D matter-particles. Hence, the universal medium is present between any two most basic 3D matter-particles irrespective of their locations or distance between them. This makes the range of gravitational attraction infinity. Actual value of gravitational constant in the region of our space is approximately 2.2 x 1037 m3/(Kg Sec2) (about 3.3 x 1047 times of present value of ‘G’. This value is for gravitational attraction between two most basic 3D matter-particles, whose disc planes coincide. Resulting pressure is so high that it is able to convert 1D quanta of matter into 3D matter. Compare this with present value of G = 6.668 x 10-11 m3/(Kg Sec2), currently used for calculations by us with respect to macro bodies. Action of gravitational effort/pressure on each 3D matter-body is independent of all other 3D matter-bodies. Development of structural distortions in universal medium about a 3D matter-body, which produce gravitational actions on it, is an inertial action (an action that produces the property of inertia of matter-bodies). This takes place during the development of basic 3D matter-particles. Thereafter, the apparent interactions between 3D matter-macro bodies, due to gravitation, are instantaneous. Hence, gravitational attraction between 3D matter-bodies takes place instantly on change of their parameters or constitution. Changes in the parameters or constitution of a 3D matter-body are carried out by developing appropriate structural distortions in universal medium about the body. Gravitational effort on the body changes simultaneously during this development. This causes instantaneous changes in gravitational attraction between two 3D matter-bodies, on changes of their parameters. No transfer of imaginary particles/energy from one body to another is required to produce changes in gravitational attraction between two 3D matter-bodies. However, the inertial motions of 3D matter-bodies, under gravitational attraction, are again subject to inertial delay. Gravitational actions are applicable only on curved perimeter/surfaces of the most basic 3D matter-particles’ (photons’) cores. Photons are disc-shaped 3D matter-particles of critical radial size, which spin about one of their diameters. Gravitational attraction between two macro bodies takes place only when disc-planes of a number of photons in both macro bodies are in common planes. Constituent photons of a macro body spin about their diameters and move at constant linear speed in circular path within (primary 3D matter-particles of) the macro body. Hence, duration for disc-plane of any one photon in a macro body to be in a common plane with disc-plane of a photon in another macro body is very small and very rare. Hence, magnitude of gravitational attraction between two macro bodies is extremely small compared to the magnitude of gravitational actions. This has prompted us to label gravity as a ‘very weak force’. Although gravitation acts on every single basic 3D matter-particle continuously, gravitational attraction requires presence of more than one basic 3D matter-particles, whose disc planes coincide. Therefore no matter-body can be gravitationally attracted in any direction, unless there is another matter-body in that direction and in its own plane.

Size reduction of disturbances

Development of a disturbance breaks continuity of the 2D energy fields and forms gaps in their latticework structures. 2D energy fields around the disturbance tend to reform and establish continuity of their latticework structures. This attempt is prevented by presence of disturbance in the gaps of latticework structures. However, in this process, latticework squares around the disturbance, in each of the 2D energy fields, deform. 2D energy fields are distorted so that their junction points are in contact with the perimeter/surface of the disturbance. Each 2D energy field creates tightly enclosing envelop around the disturbance, in its own plane. As 2D energy fields are inherently under compression, a disturbance, breaking their continuity and existing within the structural gap of 2D energy fields, experience external pressure all around its outer perimeter/surface. External pressure on a disturbance tends to reduce disturbance’s size to minimum. Magnitude of a disturbance is related to its perimeter and it can be reduced by reducing disturbance’s perimeter. This can be achieved in two ways. For the same area, a circular figure has minimum length of perimeter. As external pressure on a disturbance is equal from all sides, it is a natural tendency for all disturbances to attain circular shapes in all planes of its existence. It is an inherent property of the 2D energy fields to form disturbances in circular shape. Even after a disturbance (in any plane) becomes circular, external efforts from 2D energy fields (gravitational pressure) continue to compress it until it attains highest matter-density, permitted in nature. Highest matter-density is that of a basic 3D matter-particle and that of a quantum of matter. For this, external pressure, exerted by 2D energy fields, on a disturbance has to be extremely large. Contrary to current beliefs, gravitational effort is extremely huge, compared to other manifestations of ‘natural forces’. Depending on the compactness of quanta of matter, constituting a disturbance (formed by multiple quanta of matter in any plane), matter-density of a disturbance in that plane may vary. It will be the aim of gravitational pressure to compress a disturbance (in each of the planes of its existence) to highest matter-density and circular shape. Sum of perimeters of two smaller circles is more than the perimeter of a single circle, whose area is equal to sum total area of smaller circles. Therefore, magnitude of total disturbance in a 2D energy field can be reduced by combining smaller disturbances to form a single but larger disturbance. Gravitational actions by 2D energy fields tend to combine smaller disturbances to form larger disturbance, by driving them towards each other. This phenomenon is understood as (apparent) gravitational attraction.

Disturbance

A matter-body, which is not a part but causes discontinuity of its latticework structure, is a ‘disturbance’ with respect to a 2D energy field. It may be in the form of a group of independent 1D quanta of matter, a 2D matter-particle, a 3D matter-particle or the most basic 3D matter-particles in a macro body. A disturbance has a definite perimeter and breaks continuity of 2D energy field(s) of its existence. It has a separate identity and existence in 2D energy fields. Although disturbances are not parts of 2D energy fields, they are contained within the 2D energy fields. 2D energy fields encompass a disturbance and they are in constant direct contact with it, all around its periphery in all spatial dimensions of its existence. Every point on a disturbance’s perimeter is in direct contact with surrounding 2D energy fields. All actions on a disturbance are performed by the 2D energy fields. Each 2D energy field affects peripheral points of the disturbance in its plane. Therefore, magnitudes of actions on a disturbance are proportional to number of direct contact between 2D energy fields and the disturbance, which is proportional to magnitude of its perimeter. Since, 2D energy fields are inherently under compression, a disturbance that breaks their continuity is bound to experience compression from 2D energy fields. All disturbances experience constant compression, all around its periphery, from the 2D energy fields of its existence in all spatial dimensions. This phenomenon of external pressure on a disturbance from all around its perimeter may be called ‘gravitation’ or ‘gravitational pressure’. Although deformations in latticework structure disturb stability of 2D energy fields, as they do not cause discontinuity in them, deformations or distortions in their structures are not ‘disturbances’. Deformations of 2D energy fields are ‘work’, existing in that region. They are not separate entities from 2D energy fields. Stress, due to the deformations in 2D energy fields, is ‘energy’, associated with the work. Energy has no separate or independent existence. As all ‘types’ of work are deformations of 2D energy fields, they are identical. Stresses in deformed 2D energy fields are also identical. Hence, there are no different types of energy.