2D energy fields II

Although 3D matter-particles are created out of and by the 2D energy fields, volumetric shape and space enclosed by their bodies are distinct from surrounding 2D energy fields. 2D energy fields maintain constant contact at a 3D matter-body’s surfaces and maintain its three-dimensional status. 2D energy fields, inherently being under compression, exert external pressure on all 3D matter-particles (disturbances) in it. This phenomenon is gravitation. Gravitational effort is enormously stronger than all other manifestations of ‘natural force’. ‘Natural forces’, classified into various types (gravitational attraction, electromagnetic, nuclear, inertial, etc. forces), are derived from gravitational actions. Hence, there is only one type of effort in nature and all ‘natural forces’ are different manifestations of the gravitational efforts. Actions are recognized by inertial motions of corresponding 3D matter-bodies. Magnitudes of gravitational actions are proportional to the extent of 2D energy fields, applying the effort. Since the 2D energy fields extend infinitely, their extents on the outer sides of a pair of 3D matter-bodies are always greater than their extents in between the bodies. Hence, gravitational actions on these bodies are greater on their outer sides. Resultant of gravitational actions on these bodies appears to push them towards each other. This phenomenon appears as the ‘gravitational attraction’ between them. Currently, only this dynamic-part of gravitational action is considered as its sole nature. Static nature of gravitation is more important and basic. Since the gravitational actions are between 3D matter-particles and 2D energy fields, which are in direct contact, they change instantaneously and continuously on changes in parameters of corresponding 3D matter-bodies. Gravitational actions by 2D energy fields are the basis of creation of 3D matter, development of various primary and fundamental matter-particles, formation of atoms/molecules and macro bodies. 2D energy fields create, sustain and gradually destroy all 3D matter-bodies in nature. Nature of distortions in the 2D energy fields, in and about matter-bodies of various sizes and structures, defines their characteristic properties and nature of apparent interactions between them. Gravitational attraction between (macro) matter-bodies compels them to move in space. Hence, all 3D matter-bodies in nature, except stable galaxies (with angular motion), are under linear motion. Galaxies have special mechanism that keeps them in relatively static location within 2D energy fields. As a whole, the universe is steady and perpetual. However, 3D matter and macro bodies in different parts of universe are cyclically destroyed and rebuilt. During destruction, 3D matter is reverted to its basic form of quanta of matter to become part of 2D energy fields. Simultaneously, 3D matter-particles are formed elsewhere in the 2D energy fields through various stages of creation and conversion to produce 3D macro bodies. Every possible plane in space contains a 2D energy field, each. 2D energy fields in different planes, passing through a point, co-exist at that point. 2D energy fields fill the entire space outside the most basic 3D matter-particles. 2D energy fields in all possible planes in three-dimensional space, together, replace the functional entity of ‘space’ with a real entity of universal medium, formed by ‘2D energy fields’. Since a volumetric space is filled with the 2D energy fields and 3D matter-particles in it, the entire volume of space is occupied by quanta of matter, either in the form of 3D matter or as matter in lower spatial dimensions. Total matter-content within this volume of space is comparable with matter-content of a 3D matter-particle occupying similar volume of space. Since the 2D energy fields cannot act among themselves, matter-content enclosed within this volume of space, in the form of 2D energy fields, cannot express itself to 3D rational beings. However, a 3D matter-particle of the same volume can be acted upon by surrounding 2D energy fields. Rational beings recognize (3D) matter-bodies by their expression of actions to an observer. Therefore, even though the matter-content of a volumetric space in the 2D energy fields remains hidden from observers, a 3D matter-particle of similar volume within the 2D energy fields is observable. This is why the 3D matter is considered as real matter and 2D and 1D matter are considered as functional matter in this concept. This hidden part of matter in the universe (occupying nearly whole volume of space) may be understood as ‘dark matter’. 2D energy fields extend in all directions to infinity. It is the ability of rational beings to gather information from a distance that determines limit of universe for them. Although 2D energy fields extents infinitely in all directions, it is the limitation on the ability of rational beings that limits the size of universe for them. This limit is identical in all directions, irrespective of location of observer in space. To any rational being, the universe appears spherical with definite size, which depends on its ability to gather information from. 2D energy fields accounts for creation, sustenance and apparent interactions of three-dimensional matter-bodies. Perpetuity of 2D energy fields bestows the universe with its ‘steady state’ of perpetual existence.

Quanta-chain

During lengthening process of a free quantum of matter, its ends may come in contact with other quanta of matter, which happens to be in its spatial dimension. Under such condition, the lengthening process of the quantum of matter is restricted, in the direction of the second quantum of matter. Matter-contents of the quanta of matter come in direct contact in the same spatial dimension. As magnitude of adhesion between their matter-contents (across their perimeters) is less than the magnitude of adhesion within each of their matter-contents, their matter-contents cannot merge. [Adhesion between contacting quanta of matter is due to their continuous movements and changes of directions]. If a lengthening-quantum of matter encounters other quanta of matter in other spatial dimensions, it will not be restricted in its growth. Adhesive effort between matter-contents of two quanta of matter (in direct contact) tends to keep the quanta of matter, pressing into each other. If the direction of this adhesive effort is perpendicular to the body of any one of the quanta of matter, they will remain in an equilibrium state. Should the direction of adhesive effort differ from being perpendicular to the body of any one of the quanta of matter, it may be considered as combination of two resolved components. One component, which is perpendicular to the body of any one of quanta of matter, keeps the quanta of matter pressed into each other. While, other component of adhesive effort tends to move one quantum of matter (whose body is at an angle to the body of the other) towards one end of the other quantum of matter. This is the most primary instance of induced motion in nature. Adhesive effort between two quanta of matter (in direct contact) tends to move either one or both of quanta of matter, towards each other’s ends, where together the quanta of matter form a junction and attempt to mutually turn their bodies to bring their (single-dimensional) bodies in a straight line. In this manner, free quanta of matter in space tend to form single-dimensional chains. Due to frequent ruptures of these quanta-chains and availability of free quanta of matter (in space) to migrate into ruptured 1D quanta-chain, there are far too many quanta of matter in any single dimensional quanta-chain. Excess number of quanta of matter in a quanta-chain compels all constituent quanta of matter in the quanta-chain to be held at reduced lengths in their single-dimensional status. Tendency of quanta of matter in the chain, to grow in length, keeps all constituent quanta of matter in quanta-chains under compression from their ends. Normally (in current state of universe), quanta of matter in a quanta-chain are maintained at the brink of their growth into second spatial dimension. Should a discontinuity develop in the quanta-chain, inherent property of constituent quanta of matter enable quanta-chain to grow in length. Thus, it becomes an inherent property of quanta-chains to grow (lengthen) into any discontinuity in its spatial dimension.

Co-existence of quanta of matter at a point

A quantum of matter has certain matter-content. Matter is continuous and incompressible. Since matter is the substance, a quantum of matter has objective (real) existence in space. A quantum of matter can express its individuality only in spatial dimension(s) of its existence. No two real entities can exist in the same volumetric space. Therefore, no two quanta of matter can exist in the same space in the same spatial dimension(s). However, quanta of matter in different spatial dimensions but passing through the same point, in space, coexist at the point. Practically, a quantum of matter (in any dimensional status), exists in all three spatial dimensions. When its measurement in any one spatial dimension is too small to be intelligibly measured by 3D beings, we must say that the quantum of matter exists only in two spatial dimensions. The quantum of matter may be qualified as a two-dimensional object. Similarly, when its measurements in any two spatial dimensions are too small to be intelligibly measured by 3D beings, we must say that the quantum of matter exists only in one spatial dimension. The quantum of matter may be qualified as a single-dimensional object. A quantum of matter in its free state, tends to grow and exists only in one spatial dimension. External pressure from ends of a 1D quantum of matter can reduce its measurements in first-spatial-dimension and make its matter-body to grow into second-spatial-dimension, until it becomes a perfect circle in a plane. Further, if identical external pressure is applied all around the periphery of a 2D quantum of matter (in its second-spatial-dimensional state), its matter-body is compelled to grow into third-spatial-dimension, while reducing measurements in other two spatial dimensions. Growth into third-spatial-dimension will continue until shape of quantum of matter becomes a perfect sphere. As soon as a quantum grows in to its third-spatial-dimension, it becomes a 3D matter-body. This is the stage of creation of 3D matter, in nature. We, as 3D beings, can associate only with 3D matter. Additional pressure (if available) applied all around volumetric periphery of a 3D quantum of matter may reduce its volume and compel the quantum of matter to grow into a fourth-spatial-dimension, about which we know nothing. Since, a quantum of matter has objective existence in its spatial dimension; no other quantum of matter can occupy its space, in whichever spatial-dimensional status it may be. However, two quanta of matter in different spatial dimensions have objective reality in different spatial-dimensions. Hence, each of them should be able to have objective reality at the point occupied by both of them. That is, quanta of matter, in different spatial dimensions should be able to co-exist. As long as its own dimensional space is not occupied, a quantum of matter is able to co-exist with other quanta at a point in space. Two 1D quanta of matter occupying the same point in space, essentially, have to be at an angle to each other. Their negligible widths (as and when they are developed) have to be in different planes. Since they are 1D objects, they cannot extend into each other’s spatial-dimension so as to create discontinuity for other’s existence. Since two quanta of matter are in different planes and crossing each other at a point in space (they are in different spatial dimensions), they do not intrude into each other’s spatial-dimensions. Similarly, a quantum of matter can also co-exist with a 2D matter-body (its thickness is zero) in different planes. However, as all spatial-dimensions are occupied by a 3D matter-body, a quantum of matter will be unable to coexist with a 3D quantum of matter. It will have to remain outside the 3D matter. A 1D quantum of matter exists only in its own one spatial dimension. Hence, a 1D quantum of matter is able to coexist with another 1D quantum of matter in all spatial dimensions other than its own. A 2D quantum of matter exists in a plane. Another 1D or 2D quantum of matter is able to coexist with it, in all spatial planes other than the plane of the 2D quantum of matter. If located in the plane of the 2D quantum of matter, the 1D quantum of matter will maintain its individuality and independence as a separate entity, even if it is a component of a 2D body, constituted by one or more 2D quanta of matter. A 3D body exists in all spatial planes passing through the body. A 1D quantum of matter is unable to coexist with the 3D matter-body or any of its constituent quanta of matter, in any of these planes. Even if the 1D quantum of matter is a constituent part of a 3D matter-body, it will keep its independence and integrity as a separate entity, within the 3D matter-body. Quanta of matter preserve their individuality under all circumstances. However, in exceptional circumstances of accidents, nothing prevents a quantum of matter from parting into two separate entities. If the attempt, to part a quantum of matter into two, may develop and persist for longer time, the quantum of matter may part into two individual quanta of matter. Another possibility is that of a quantum of matter with exceptionally large matter-content. Time required for an exceptionally large quantum of matter to move its whole matter-content to one side of a parting intrusion is too long, its matter-body will split into two separate quanta of matter.

Stable length of a Quantum of matter

Self-elongation compels a free two-dimensional quantum of matter to reduce its tangible measurements to single spatial-dimension. As this process go on, more and more of its periphery approaches to become parallel to major axis of its elliptical body. If matter-content of the quantum of matter is sufficient, a stage may reach, when a part of quantum of matter’s periphery between two adjacent points and similar part of its periphery on geometrically opposite sides become parallel to each other and parallel to major axis of matter-content. At this stage adhesion between opposite sides of periphery being much greater, these points tend to approach each other at a faster rate. Such displacement may create identical inward dents at these points on the periphery. Consider a hypothetical case, where matter-content of a quantum of matter is extremely large. As soon as dents appear on their periphery, adhesions at these points (except at the middle of the dents) are no more towards each other, but in the direction of perpendiculars to periphery at the dents. Dents will widen and gradually separate matter-content on either side into two separate quanta of matter. This possibility reduces probability for quanta of matter with very large matter-contents, in nature. Presence of other quanta of matter in space interferes with unlimited self-elongation of any quantum of matter. If these quanta of matter (in the same spatial dimension as the self-elongating quantum of matter) can restrict the growth of self-elongating quantum of matter before dents are formed on its periphery, it can be preserved as a stable entity. This is usually the case. Higher external efforts than what are needed are usually available from the ends of a self-elongating quantum of matter. Should magnitudes of these efforts reduce, the quantum of matter is able to grow more in its single-dimensional space. Should magnitudes of these efforts increase, the quantum of matter grows into two-dimensional space. Since, the universe is in a steady state; all available matter is already divided or reduced into quanta of matter of stable size. Average matter-content of quanta of matter in the universe is suitable for the current state of universe. No further division of quanta of matter or their matter-contents are necessary. As there is no definite mechanism to restrict matter-contents of quanta of matter to exact quantity, quanta of matter may differ from each other in quantities of their matter-contents. All quanta of matter, other than few of those constitute three-dimensional matter-particles; have somewhat identical quantity of matter in them. They are in their single-dimensional status (on the verge of conversion into two-dimensional status) with identical lengths as their tangible measurements. Uniformity and regularity of shape of universal medium is the result of uniform matter-contents of constituent quanta of matter. Any quanta of matter with higher/lower than average matter-content create disturbances in universal medium that may lead towards creation of 3D matter-particles from universal medium. This tendency removes any quanta of matter with non-uniform matter-contents from universal medium and paves way to creation of 3D matter-particles.

Self-elongation of a Quantum of matter

Matter-content of a quantum of matter has an adhesive property. This property is different from ‘attraction between parts’, as we usually understand adhesion. Adjacent points within the matter-content tend to stick together. (A point may be understood as an area/volume of matter, whose area/volume is negligible). This tendency is not carried beyond nearest points in the matter-content. There is no adhesion directly between two points, interposed by another point. Therefore, magnitude of adhesion between any two points within the matter-content is always the same, irrespective of distance between them or matter-content present between these points. We shall consider a hypothetical (free-floating) critically stable two-dimensional quantum of matter. This particle exists only in two spatial dimensions. It is a perfectly circular sheet of matter in a plane. It has no tangible thickness. Every point on its periphery experience adhesion of equal magnitude towards the centre of its circular body. As long as directions of adhesion at every point on its circular perimeter are directed towards centre of the body, the quantum of matter remains in critically stable 2D spatial state. Even a slight change in the shape of quantum of matter’s circular body changes directions of adhesion available at various points on its periphery. There will be only two sets (diametrically opposite) of peripheral points, where adhesion is directed towards the centre point of the body. At all other peripheral points, adhesion will be directed along perpendicular to tangent at that point. Slightly misshaped circle is an ellipse. It has two coordinate axes. Components of adhesion at every point on the periphery of an elliptical-shaped 2D quantum of matter, directed towards major axis of the ellipse will be greater in magnitude than those directed towards minor axis of the ellipse. Perimeter of the elliptical 2D quantum of matter tends to approach towards its major axis. Such deformation of the quantum of matter increases differences in magnitudes of adhesion at peripheral points at an accelerating rate. As a result, the matter-content of the quantum of matter squeezes itself to constrict its body’s existence in second-spatial dimension. Constriction of its existence in second-spatial dimension compels the body of quanta of matter to grow in first-spatial dimension. This character appears as its self-elongation. Similar phenomenon reduces a three-dimensional quantum of matter into two-dimensional object. In free space, a quantum of matter reduces to single-dimensional object of infinite length. Since, there is no free space with respect to a single quantum of matter, infinite increase in its length is a hypothetical consideration.

Quantum of matter

Matter provides substance to all ‘quanta of matter’. Quantum of matter is a very small bit of matter. Matter-content of a quantum of matter provides its objective reality and positive existence in space. A quantum of matter exists in all spatial dimensions, however small such measurements may be. Different quanta of matter may contain different quantities of matter. Quanta of matter are perpetual entities. They cannot be destroyed or created. There are infinite numbers of quanta of matter and they fill the entire space in definite structural forms. No other imaginary particles or assumed properties are envisaged in this concept. Due to inherent ability of matter to exist, matter-contents at nearest points (within a quantum of matter or between quanta of matter in direct contact in the same spatial dimensions) have a tendency to merge (similar to an adhesive property). Matter-content of a quantum of matter tends to maintain its integrity under all conditions. Each quantum of matter is an independent matter-body and it keeps its individuality. In its free state, a quantum of matter is a one-dimensional body with length as its only tangible measurement. Although it may be understood as one-dimensional object, it exists in space as a real body. As a real object, it has its existence in all spatial dimensions. In its one-dimensional status, its measurements in all higher spatial dimensions are negligible compared to its length. Majority of quanta of matter in nature are of somewhat equal matter-contents. Quanta of matter, existing in different spatial dimensions and intersecting at a point, are able to co-exist at the point of their intersection. They cannot intersect in the same spatial dimensions. Due to the adhesive property of its matter-content, a free quantum of matter tends to grow in one spatial dimension, while reducing its measurements in all other spatial dimensions. If left free, in free space, a quantum of matter will grow in length indefinitely, while reducing magnitudes in other spatial dimensions. Since matter cannot be compressed, reduction of its measurement in one spatial dimension is bound to increase its spatial dimension in another spatial dimension. Even though, spatial dimensions of a quantum of matter, other than its single spatial dimension, are negligibly small, a quantum of matter has positive existence in all three spatial dimensions. Thus, a free quantum of matter is a one-dimensional matter-body with positive existence in all spatial dimensions. It has a body and two ends. Reducing the length of a free quantum of matter, by external efforts, compels it to grow into second spatial dimension. Similarly, reducing the area of a 2D quantum of matter, in its spatial plane, by external effort compels it to grow into the third spatial dimension. It is at this juncture that the real 3D matter, as we know, is created. Although quanta of matter in their 1D status are real matter-bodies with positive existence in space, their measurements in all spatial dimensions are too small to be tangible by our standards. Because of this difficulty, we are unable to appreciate their real existence in 3D spatial system. We may consider quanta of matter in their 1D and 2D states as functional entities. All superior 3D matter-bodies are formed by groups of quanta of matter. Their diverse properties are natural extensions of characteristic properties of quanta of matter. Entire space (outside 3D matter-particles) is filled with quanta of matter in definite structural formations. Creation, development, destruction and apparent interactions of all matter-bodies strictly follow ‘cause and effect’ relation. There are no actions at a distance through empty space.