Red-shift of light

Red shift is an important assumption for astronomers. This concept is derived from changes in the wavelength of sound in a material medium and the conjecture of light as pure electromagnetic waves. When a source of sound moves relative to an observer, changes in the frequency of sound are noticed by the observer. Although this phenomenon is applicable to wave motions through material medium, the same is also applied to light that is believed to radiate through vacuum with no material medium. Red-shift means an increase in wavelength, equivalent to a decrease in wave frequency, of a radiation. A beam of light (or other radiations of 3D matter) is a continuous flow of photons. Photons are the most basic 3D matter-particles. Each photon comprises of a segmented spherical (disc-shaped) 3D matter-core that spins about one of its diameters and structurally distorted region in surrounding universal medium. Movements of the 3D matter-core are accomplished by linearly moving and spinning structural distortions in the universal medium. 3D matter-core provides photon’s particle nature and associated structural distortions in universal medium provide photon’s wave nature. Universal medium moves 3D matter-core of a photon at the highest possible linear speed and spins it at frequency proportional to its 3D matter-content. Higher than critical speed compels the 3D matter-core to assimilate quanta of matter from surrounding universal medium and increase its frequency (3D matter-content). Similarly, lower than critical speed compels the 3D matter-core to discard quanta of matter into surrounding universal medium and reduce its frequency (3D matter-content). Due to superimposition of linear and spin motions of photon’s 3D matter-core, its forward turning segment moves at slightly higher linear speed and rearward turning segment moves at slightly lower linear speed than the critical speed of 3D matter through universal medium. This also shifts centre of rotation away from rearward turning segment. Hence, the forward turning segment has lesser increase in its linear speed compared to greater reduction in linear speed of rearward turning segment. Forward turning segment gathers lesser number of quanta of matter from universal medium and rearward turning segment releases higher number of quanta of matter into the universal medium. As a photon travels through great distances, difference in quanta of matter gained and quanta of matter lost from its 3D matter-core reduces photon’s 3D matter-content and its frequency. This phenomenon is the reason for the red-shift of light (and other radiations) received from very far. Electromagnetic waves, being transmission of cyclical variations of distortion-density in the structures of 2D energy fields (universal medium), behaves like sound waves transmitted through a material medium.